Children vary greatly in their abilities and challenges. Some show exceptional talent in areas like math, writing, or music, while others may face difficulties that impact their learning, such as ADHD, dyslexia, dyscalculia, autism, or sensory processing issues.

However, there are also children who fall into both categories, known as twice-exceptional (2e). This means they may possess exceptional abilities alongside learning differences or disabilities, leading to unique learning or developmental challenges.

Understanding twice-exceptional children can be complex. Their gifts may allow them to compensate for their challenges, masking their learning difficulties, or vice versa. Sometimes, neither their disability nor their giftedness is recognized. In gifted programs, they may struggle in certain areas, while in regular education settings, they might not find the challenge they need, leading to frustration and restlessness. This mismatch can result in anxiety, low self-esteem, or emotional difficulties, sometimes manifesting as behavioral issues.